Key findings of major previous studies on the long-term outcome of patients with documented coronary artery spasm
| Severi et al 9 | Mark et al 10 | Walling et al 11 | Yasue et al 12 | Current study | |
| Country | Italy | USA | Canada | Japan | South Korea |
| Number of patients | 138 | 62 | 217 | 245 | 830 |
| Mean age, years | 53 | 52 | 51 | 54 | 55 |
| Coronary angiography, n (%) | 107 (76) | 62 (100) | 208 (96) | 245 (100) | 708 (85) |
| Non-significant FS* on CAG, % | 8 | 38 | 42 | 40 | 100 |
| CAS in LAD territory, % | 69 | 35 | 52 | 51 | 45 |
| Mean follow-up duration, months | 36 | 12 | 65 | 80 | 120 |
| Survival at 3 years, % | 91 | 84 | 92 | 97 | 98 |
| MI-free survival rate at 3 years, % | 77 | 63 | 77 | 85 | 99 |
| PCI during follow-up, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | 5 (2.0) | 28 (3.4) |
| CABG during follow-up, n (%) | 13 (9.4) | NA | 32 (14.7) | 34 (13.9) | 3 (0.4) |
*Near-normal coronary angiogram or atherosclerotic FS with coronary lumen diameter narrowing of <50%.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAG, coronary angiography; CAS, coronary artery spasm; FS, fixed stenosis; LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.