Table 1

Clinical and electrophysiological features associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death3

Factors associated with a high-risk accessory pathwayFactors associated with a low-risk accessory pathway

  • Inducible AVRT during EPS.

  • Multiple accessory pathways.

  • Shortest pre-excited RR interval during AF ≤250 ms.

  • Short antegrade refractory period of AP ≤250 ms.

  • Abrupt and complete normalisation of PR interval and loss of delta on rhythm monitoring.*

  • Asymptomatic pre-excitation.

  • Low risk on evaluation during EP study (see left column).

  • *We do not routinely perform exercise or catecholamine infusion studies on patients with pre-excitation.

  • AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, atrioventricular pathway; AVRT, atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia; EPS, electrophysiological study.