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Editorial
Myocarditis: an increasing global health challenge!
  1. Massimo Imazio1,2
  1. 1Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
  2. 2Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
  1. Correspondence to Professor Massimo Imazio; massimo.imazio{at}uniud.it

https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2025-326105

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    The article ‘Global, regional and national epidemiology of myocarditis: health inequalities, risk factors and forecasted burden based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021’ provides an epidemiological analysis of myocarditis using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021.1 This study aimed to assess myocarditis-associated incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, exploring geographical disparities, risk factors and forecasted trends until 2035. The findings highlight a significant and persistent global burden of myocarditis with concerning trends across various sociodemographic indices (SDI).2 3

    The study presents several key findings.

    First, there has been a substantial increase in the global incidence of myocarditis by 66.88% and mortality by 45.94% from 1990 to 2021.1–3 Despite this, age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) show a declining trend, reflecting advancements in diagnostic accuracy and healthcare interventions. Sex differences in the burden of myocarditis were evident, with ASIR and ASMR consistently higher in males than females across all SDI regions from 1990 to 2021, in agreement with previous findings …

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    Footnotes

    • X @#ImazioMassimo

    • Contributors MI is the sole contributor and guarantor.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

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